The treatment of stuttering with hypnosis: A Case Report

Abstract

IntroductionAlthough the cause of stuttering is unknown, genetic, psychosocial stres factors, having obsessive personality or low-self-esteem, central nervous system anomalities, being first child in family are risk factors. Case PresentationIn this study, it was aimed to treat stuttering with hypnotherapy that the boy was fourteen years old. ConclusionConscious hypnosis a trance-like state in which you have heightened focus and concentration. Conscious hypnosis is usually done with help of a therapist using verbal repetition and mental images. Under conscious hypnosis we affect the brain, and people’s confidence. Of course, further studies will be necessary but we have to learn brain power and its excellence.

Keywords

Introduction

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by frequent repetitions of syllables or parts of syllables (sound/syllable repetitions), and by audible and inaudible prolongations of articulatory positions (prolongations and blocks, respectively). Although approximately one percent of the population stutters, the etiology of the disorder is stilunknown.¹ Stuttering treatments are shown to have a lasting effect, both for speech outcomes and for social, emotional, and cognitive outcomes , if they contain variants of slowed speech, soft voices onset, contious phonation, self-management, response contingences, exercices in group sessions, and transfer into non-clinical settings. For preschool children, parental reinforcement for fluent speech has also shown effectiveness. Pharmocological treatments have had unsatisfactory outcomes.² A comprehensive approach to stuttering treatment includes dealing with both the surface elements of stuttering as well as the deeper attributes, and self-perception issues. This multidimensional approach follows the mandate of the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO advocates a multidimensional paradigm of human health conditions, which includes the concepts of ‘‘impairment” “activity limitation,” and “participation restrictions.” The WHO model has been implemented as a model for evaluating both surface stuttering and the adverse consequences of stuttering. In this vein, stuttering treatments should only be considered successful if they reduce stuttering frequency(impairment level) and also reduce “participation restrictions or activity limitations”.³ In this context, here I report a case with stuttering and his treatment with hypnosis sessions.

Discussion

Neuroimaging and lesion studies on the neural correlates of stuttering have suggested the role of several brain areas, including the supplementary motor area, the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and auditory areas, the anterior cingulate cortex, the bilateral frontal operculae and the cerebellar vermis. In addition, many authors considered the main problem to be in the defective production of timing cues provided by the basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit. Indeed, lesions in thalamus and/or striatum may cause acquired stuttering. Moreover, in persistent developmental stuttering, a correlation between severity of stuttering and activity in the basal ganglia has been demonstrated.⁴ And hypnosis, has long been an elusive concept for science due to the lack of objective neurobiological markers of the state of trance, but the relentless advances in neuroscience in the last few decades have opened up a ‘bridge of knowledge’ between the classic neurophysiological studies and psychophysiological studies of cognitive, emotional, and sensory systems.⁵ Under hypnosis was related to the metabolic activation of cortical areas involving left sided occiipital, parietal, precentral, premotor, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices and right sided occipital and anterior cingulate cortices, while a decrease of activity was observed in precuneus, bilateral temporal, medial prefrontal and rightpremotorcortices. And rostral corpus callosum affected, and transfer of information between prefrontal cortices.⁶

Conclusion

Conscious hypnosis a trance-like state in which you have heightened focus and concentration. Conscious hypnosis is usually done with help of a therapist using verbal repetition and mental images. Under conscious hypnosis we affect the brain, and people’s confidence. Of course, further studies will be necessary but we have to learn brain power and its excellence.

Declarations

References

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